Integrated Intelligent Energy

Network attack association analysis and attack protection strategy for smart park systems

LI Huijun, LU Jianqiang, ZHOU Xia, XIE Xiangpeng, WAN Lei

2022, 44(7): 1-9. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.001

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Control system of smart parks at all levels are vulnerable to network attacks. In order to improve the system's coping capacities to network attacks and the identification accuracy and efficiency of malicious attack events,a network attack association analysis method for smart park systems is proposed. The method takes Frequent Pattern-Growth（FP-Growth） algorithm to detect the association rules of abnormal network attack events. FP-Growth algorithm can quickly mine the frequent item sets of abnormal events and train the association rules. Grey correlation analysis algorithm generates the abnormal manifestation set of real-time abnormal network attack events. Then, following the association rules,the network attack scenarios can be recognized on-line. Network attack protection strategy is made according to the links corresponding to the different attack scenarios to eliminate the impact of the attack. Finally,the efficiency of the proposed method in training association rules is verified by data of different volumes,and the feasibility of the network attack protection strategy is verified by the Load Frequency Control module of the smart park system.

Two-part tariff for pumped storage power plants in an integrated intelligent energy system

LI Hua, ZHENG Hongwei, ZHOU Bowen, LI Guangdi, YANG Bo

2022, 44(7): 10-18. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.002

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As the most mature form of energy storage, pumped storage will be an important supportive technique for integrated intelligent energy systems to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. But the development of the technique is hampered by the lack of a proper pricing strategy. In response to this problem, the two-part tariff strategy for pumped storage power plants which operate in corporation with an integrated intelligent energy system is proposed. According to the operation pricing strategy, the tariff is determined by the capacity of a pumped storage power plant. In view of the economic advantages of "pumped storage + renewable energy", an optimal dispatch model for the combination of pumped storage and wind power is established. Taking the reduction of total cost and pumped storage cost of the combined system as the objective functions, a rational pumping strategy for the installed pumped storage power plant is carried out. And the tariffs in water pumping stage and in power generation stage of the power plant are figured out according to the relationship of demand and price and variable cost compensation principle, respectively. The effect of integrating a pumped storage power plant in an integrated intelligent system on the low-carbon operation and electric price of the combined system is verified by a case, which proves the effectiveness of the two-part tariff strategy of pumped storage power plants.

Practices of the new power system in the UK and inspiration for the development of provincial power systems in China

WANG Sheng, TAN Jian, SHI Wenbo, ZOU Fenghua, CHEN Guang, WANG Linyu, HUI Hongxun, GUO Lei

2022, 44(7): 19-32. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.003

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Construction of new energy-oriented power systems motivates the clean and low-carbon transformation of energy systems and the realization of the dual carbon target of China. However,the high-penetration renewable energy may bring the secure operation of power systems great challenges, including insufficient peak regulation capability,intense local congestions and the decline in power system inertia. The natural endowments and the power systems in the UK are similar to that in some typical provinces in China. The UK has been a pioneer in tackling the side effects of the high penetration of renewable energy. Therefore,the experience of the UK can provide valuable suggestions for the development of new power systems in China. Firstly, the transformation process of the power systems in the UK on both supply and demand sides and the transformation goals in terms of carbon emission,energy consumption and energy systems are introduced. The advanced practices of the UK in dealing with renewable energy penetration include the guidance of policies and laws,the construction of fundamental infrastructures,the reform of the electricity market mechanism,the digitalization of power transmission and distribution systems,the application of edging technologies and equipment and the operating adjustment for the power systems. The experience of the UK's new power system construction is summarized and divided into five aspects： developing the low-carbon resources according to local conditions, adjusting policies and regulations in line with cutting-edge technologies, making a flexible, fair, unified and open market mechanism, advancing the application of new technologies and digital transformation and facilitating system upgrades and operation adjustment. Taking the power grid of Jiangsu Province as the example,the inspiration for the development of provincial power systems in China from the UK's experience is expounded.

Study on the performance of new air-source high-temperature hot water units driven by heat supply network in integrated energy systems

SUN Jian, QIN Yu, WANG Yinwu, WU Kexin, HAO Junhong, YANG Yongping

2022, 44(7): 33-39. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.004

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Conventional electric heat pumps are of low energy efficiency in cold regions.Since the lowest operation temperature of lithium bromide absorption heat pumps is 5 ℃,they cannot work in sub-zero areas of Northeast China.By coupling compression cycle with absorption cycle,a new low-temperature air-source heat pump is proposed.The pump driven by the municipal heat network in an integrated energy system can produce domestic hot water effectively and solve the problems of conventional pumps'poor performance in cold areas and high electricity cost.The operation principle of the coupled heat pump unit is analyzed,and the proposed new heat pump unit is simulated.The effect of the evaporation temperature of a dual-phase heat exchanger,hot water outlet temperature,ambient temperature and steam compressor pressure ratio on the heating performance of the heat pump is obtained through simulation calculations.Through theoretical calculation and comparative analysis on the compression heat pump and the proposed new low-temperature air-source heat pump under four different working conditions,the high performance and industrial value of the latter pump is verified.

Dual-objective optimization of energy networks with shared energy storage based on Nash bargaining

YE Zhaonian, ZHAO Changlu, WANG Yongzhen, HAN Kai, LIU Chaofan, HAN Juntao

2022, 44(7): 40-48. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.005

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The construction of energy networks has become the pillar of new power systems and the incentive to large-scale development of renewable energy,which facilitates the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. There are problems of poor techno-economic performances and low adaptability in the application of independent energy storage technology in energy networks. Thus,a dual-objective optimization on the benefits of shared energy storage and energy costs of energy networks is proposed. To cope with the unbalanced profit allocation between distributed cold, heating and power systems in an energy network, Nash bargaining is introduced to improve the allocation. A case study is made on an energy network composed of one shared energy storage system（SESS）and four multi-distributed energy systems（MDESs）. The study results show that the benefits of the shared energy storage system and the non-inferior solution for the operation costs of the MDESs have been improved with the increase of the shared energy storage capacity, but the room for non-inferior solution improvement is shrinking. Nash bargaining make the cost reduction allocated to the distributed cold, heating and power systems more evenly, which ensures the users' profits and encourages them to participate into the energy storage. But due to the constraints on the user's operating costs brought by Nash bargaining, the benefits of shared energy storage and operation costs of the MDES deteriorate overall.

Economic operation of a multi-energy system based on adaptive learning rate firefly algorithm

ZHANG Rongquan, LI Gangqiang, BU Siqi, LIU Fang, ZHU Yuxiang

2022, 44(7): 49-57. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.006

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With the extensive application of renewable energy as power sources and the stepwise maturity of synergetic techniques, multi-energy system（MES） is drawing increasing attention,turning into the main carrier of energy on the way to achieving carbon neutrality. However, the economic operation of MES is confronting challenges due to the complexity of energy production, energy storage and energy consumption in the system. To tackle the problem, an economic optimization model of an MES including new energy power plants, a battery energy storage system（BESS） and a combined cooling heating and power（CCHP） system is formulated, taking minimizing the penalty of abandoning wind and solar power, power discharge loss of BESS, fuel costs of gas turbines, carbon emission penalty and other costs as the objective function. The optimization model is solved with the charging and discharging characteristics of BESS, the output characteristics of photovoltaic units and wind turbines and the balance between cooling, heating and electricity load as constraints. Afterward, a novel adaptive learning rate firefly algorithm（ALRFA） is proposed to prevent the problem solving from falling into local optimum and slow convergence by taking adaptive learning rate. Taking the cooling, heating and power loads of an industrial park as study case,the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm is verified.

Multi-energy flow calculation method for multi-energy complementary integrated energy systems

GUO Zuogang, YUAN Zhiyong, XU Min, LEI Jinyong, LI Pengyue, TAN Yingjie

2022, 44(7): 58-65. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.007

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A renewable energy-oriented integrated energy system can realize multi-energy complementarity through different coupling mechanism. The system incentives the consumption of renewable energy, improve the energy utilization efficiency and contributes to the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The model of electricity-heat-gas coupling system is established, and the calculation method for the multi-energy flow of the system is proposed. The multi-energy flow is calculated by Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm.To verify the effectiveness of the multi-energy flow calculation method,simulation calculation was made on the multi-energy flow of a 724-node electricity-heat-gas coupling system,in which the 275-node power grid was connected to 14 distributed power sources and the 228-node thermal network included a 99-node steam network and a 129-node hot water network. The results show that the calculation method can simulate the multi-energy flow of a single time section and of a continuous time period. Thus,multi-energy flow calculation method can be used to evaluate the operation state of an integrated energy systems and the energy supply quality of a multi-energy network.

Research on county-level self-balance transaction scheduling strategy for new energy considering section load rate

LU Yao, GU Xiaoxi, YIN Shuo, CHEN Xing, JIN Man

2022, 44(7): 66-72. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.008

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The grid-connected new energy is expanding in the context of "dual carbon" targets. But the random and volatile outputs of new energy will affect the safe and stable operation of power systems. In view of the frequent fluctuation of tie lines' section load rates in rural areas,a county-level self-balance transaction scheduling strategy for new energy considering section load rate is proposed. Taking the section load rate into consideration,a joint optimization bi-level transaction model of day-ahead and real-time market is made. The simulation calculation shows that the strategy can significantly improve the local consumption rate of new energy. Compared with the simple physical method taking energy storage technology only, the proposed strategy can relieve the tie line power flow fluctuation, optimize the section load rate and maintain the stability of power grid.

Research on the implementation path of the transition from dual control on energy consumption to dual control on carbon emission

XIE Dian, GAO Yajing, LU Xinbo, LIU Tianyang, ZHAO Liang, ZHAO Yong

2022, 44(7): 73-80. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.009

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China has proposed the stimulations for the quick transformation from dual control on energy consumption to dual control on carbon emission which consists of total volume and emission intensity, but problems on how to formulate policies scientifically and reasonably and how to implement them effectively need to be deeply studied. Based on the analysis on the current situation of the total amount and intensity of domestic carbon emission' from energy consumption, the connotation and implementation of the dual control on energy consumption in different times are expounded. Taking economic and social development level, energy consumption mix, carbon emission sources and development status of green technology into consideration, the necessity and challenges of the transformation from dual control on energy consumption to dual control on carbon emission sre analyzed, and measures and suggestions to promote the transformation are put forward from three aspects： accounting system, implementation path and implementation stage. Finally, the impact of the carbon emission dual control policy on China's energy and power consumption are studied, and the coping strategies of power generation enterprises are put forward from five aspects, green transition of coal-fired power enterprises, development of non-fossil energy, application of carbon-negative technology, strengthening carbon asset management and cultivation talents specializing in carbon neutrality.

Research on power data element pricing mechanism optimization in the context of digitalization

YU Xiaobao, ZHANG Tianhao, DENG Siwei

2022, 44(7): 81-89. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.07.010

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To achieve dual carbon target,power industry applies big data and other technologies in industry digitalization to realize quality and efficiency improvement, energy conservation and emission reduction. However, most of current researches on power data asset pricing mechanism have not taken risk factors into consideration. And power data factor pricing mechanism and its optimization have drawn great academic attention. Firstly, the cost method,data value realization risk and power data factor pricing optimization model are summarized theoretically. Then, the power data factor pricing optimization model is constructed with two risk factors, data value realization risk and supply-demand risk, taken into account. Finally, taking an energy efficiency monitoring product of an enterprises as an example, the effectiveness of the power data factor pricing optimization model is verified.

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