Table of Content

25 June 2021, Volume 43 Issue 6

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Carbon Neutrality and Carbon Peaking System Low-carbon Technical Economy Carbon Sequestration and Utilization

Carbon Neutrality and Carbon Peaking System

Interpretation on carbon neutrality system

ZHANG Jinbin, ZHOU Siwei

2021, 43(6):  1-10.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.001

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In response to global climate change,it is the shared vision of humanity to accelerate the transition to a green and low-emission society and achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible. In order to comprehensively understand the background and concept system of carbon neutrality, we must take the development strategy and choose suitable implementation path. The origin of carbon neutrality, its status quo at home and abroad and carbon neutrality targets of major countries are introduced. The concepts of carbon peaking, carbon neutrality and other terminologies are defined. In addition, the low-carbon development strategies of EU, UK, Japan, China and US are analyzed. In the end, ten key solutions / technologies to achieve carbon neutrality are summarized.

Analysis on green and low-carbon development path for power industry to realize carbon peak and carbon neutrality

ZHAO Guotao, QIAN Guoming, WANG Sheng

2021, 43(6):  11-20.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.002

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The proposal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality brings profound impact on power industry from many aspects. Green and low-carbon transformation of power enterprises has become an irreversible mainstream. Green power system is constructed based on the concept of green manufacturing system. The green power plants, green grid, green energy consumption and power system evaluation techniques in the green power system are described respectively, which shows the system's attributes of high efficiency, low carbon, clean and recycling in the fields of energy-saving, resources saving and environmental protection. Low-carbon power, a concept belongs to green power system, focuses on the theme of carbon emission reduction. The analysis on its implementation path and the difficulties in the process can stimulate the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and orient the research on enterprises' green low-carbon transformation.

Opportunities and challenges faced by energy and power industry with the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak

YU Xiaobao, ZHENG Dandan, YANG Kang, KONG Jie, ZHANG Tianhao

2021, 43(6):  21-32.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.003

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The goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak has been upgraded to a national strategy.As an important field of the goal,the follow-up development of power industry plays a vital role in achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peak in China.Based on the definition and development requirements of carbon peak and carbon neutralization,under the current situation of China's energy structure and carbon emissions,there are four main paths to achieve carbon neutrality which include clean and low-carbon power production,application of hydrogen energy,development of carbon capture technology and promotion of the utilization of electricity and hydrogen energy in transportation industry.With the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak,energy and power industry faces opportunities and challenges in three aspects,carbon trading market,energy storage and industrial transformation between different industries.Analyzing these challenges provides a reference for the energy and power industry to adapt to the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak.

Low-carbon Technical Economy

Discussion on convergent trading of the carbon and electricity market on the path to carbon peak and carbon neutrality

JI Bin, SUN Hui, LIANG Xiao, LIU Yan, LI Fan

2021, 43(6):  33-40.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.004

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To achieve the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" and increase the access and consumption proportion of new energy,carbon market and power market are coupled to simulate energy conservation and emission reduction.From the perspective of electricity market,the relationship between electricity market and carbon emission right market and their coupling method are analyzed to meet the target of energy conservation and emission reduction.Then,according to the principles of electricity market and the allocating and issuing mechanism of carbon emission rights,a joint operation mode for carbon and power market is designed.And the correspondent market mechanism for the joint operation of carbon and electricity market is developed.Finally,according to the designed operation mode and market mechanism,a quantitative verification for carbon and electricity market is carried out.It can be seen from the examples that the market mechanism guides the load-side market entities to respond to the unbalanced electricity from electricity and carbon market,profiting from earning carbon emission rights and participating in carbon emission rights market.Thereby,the mechanism can reduce the thermal reserve capacity of power system which is dominated by thermal power units,restrict CO₂ emissions,and promote the realization of the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality".

Effectiveness and techno-economic analysis on temperature swing adsorption for CO₂ capture targeting at carbon neutrality

ZHAO Ruikai, ZHAO Li, ZHAO Jun

2021, 43(6):  41-46.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.005

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The proposal of carbon neutrality clarified the direction of low-carbon development in China, and put forward new requirements on developing carbon capture technology. Adsorption is an important carbon capture technology due to its low energy consumption, low pollution, low reconstruction cost, etc. The minimum separative work calculated by ideal gas separation model and regeneration separation model are compared for the adsorption method. According to the concept of lost work, the effectiveness and cost of temperature swing adsorption（TSA） for CO₂ capture can be analyzed from the perspective of regeneration temperature, initial volume fraction of CO₂, and CO₂ recovery rate. The analyzing results show that the minimum separation work calculated by regeneration separation model is approximately 20% higher than that of ideal gas separation model. The coefficient of performance of TSA for CO₂ capture is around 1.6 and its operating cost is about 40 yuan/t. Finally, it is pointed out that as an important application method of direct air capture, adsorption method will further facilitate the coupling of carbon capture and renewable energy technologies. To pursue carbon neutrality, the development of adsorption carbon capture technology requires joint advancement of policies, technology research and business model.

Analysis and prediction of industrial carbon emission of Linyi City based on STIRPAT model

WU Tong, ZHANG Xingyu, CHENG Xingxing, SUN Rongfeng, WANG Zhiqiang, GENG Wenguang, WANG Luyuan, FENG Tai

2021, 43(6):  47-54.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.006

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To stimulate the accomplishment of provincial and municipal carbon emission targets, a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology （STIRPAT） model is established based on the industrial carbon emission data of Linyi City from 2009 to 2019. The model quantitatively analyzes the relationship between industrial carbon emission and enterprises' fixed assets, per capita industrial production added value, energy intensity and energy structure in Linyi City. The collinearity between the variables is eliminated by ridge regression. For every 1% variation in enterprises' fixed assets, per capita industrial production added value, energy intensity, the proportion of raw coal in energy consumption and net purchased electricity will lead to 0.069 37%,0.016 30%,0.214 60%,0.550 00% and 0.214 60% fluctuation in the industrial carbon emission, respectively. The per capita industrial production added value is predicted by a Grey Model, GM（1,1）. The industrial carbon emissions in Linyi City from 2020 to 2030 under six different prediction scenarios are analyzed. The comparison results conclude that maintaining a moderate growth of industrial product, increasingly optimizing energy structure and controlling energy intensity are the effective ways to reduce the industrial carbon emission of Linyi City.

Energy neutral analysis of sewage treatment plant based on AB method under the background of carbon neutrality

LIANG Yuan, FU Yanfeng, FANG Xiaofeng, CHENG Hongyan, MENG Chunlin, YAN Yingying, CHEN Beiyang

2021, 43(6):  55-60.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.007

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China's sewage treatment industry carbon emissions accounted for 1.0%~3.0% of the total emissions.Under the trend of carbon neutralization,it is necessary to fully tap the potential of sewage and realize the energy self-sustaining of sewage treatment.Chemical oxygen demand （COD） in wastewater contains a large amount of chemical energy.When COD is 1 mg/L,the chemical energy in 1 m³ wastewater is about 16.2 kJ,which is the main way of sewage energy utilization. Scholars in China and abroad have studied the new AB process based on carbon capture and carbon source modification,and proposed various characteristic energy balance or carbon neutralization technology routes.The theoretical calculation was carried out with the influent COD of 500 mg/L.Based on the AB process+anaerobic digestion+CHP power generation process,the power generation potential of 1 m³ wastewater was calculated to be about 0.340 kW·h,which can realize the energy self-sustaining of the operation of the wastewater treatment plant.In addition, the introduction of water source heat pump and photovoltaic power generation in sewage treatment plants is also an important supplementary means to realize energy self-sustainment.The waste heat contained in sewage can only be converted to a low grade heat source of about 60°C by water source heat pump,which cannot be directly used for power generation.Wastewater treatment plants use photovoltaic power generation to compensate for about 10.0% of energy consumption.

Carbon Sequestration and Utilization

Research on a carbon capture system coupling parabolic trough solar collectors with coal-fired power generating units

QIAN Yu, YAN Aijing, XING Chenjian, WANG Ruilin

2021, 43(6):  61-68.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.008

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Coal-fired power stations have become the largest CO₂ emission source in China. To achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, we must reduce CO₂ emission in coal-fired power plants. Compared with other carbon capture technologies, Potassium based solid absorbent has the advantages of high capture efficiency and low reaction energy consumption. But its high energy consumption in regeneration greatly affects the performance of coal-fired power plants. The temperature kept by the solar collectors of trough solar collectors can meet the requirements of the regeneration reaction of potassium based solid absorbent. Therefore, a carbon capture system coupled parabolic trough solar collector was set up to coordinated control the CO₂ discharged from coal-fired power generating units. The effects of key parameters such as the solar concentrators' temperature and the working fluid' flow rate on the comprehensive performance of the system can be obtained based on the model for heat concentration and CO₂ capture. Compared with the single coal-fired carbon capture system, the carbon capture system coupling parabolic trough solar collectors with coal-fired power generating units is more effective,whose steam turbine output increases by 29.85 MW increase and comprehensive power generation efficiency increases by 10.3% under the design condition. Adopted the optimized operation scheme, the carbon capture capacity of the system on a typical day has increased to 312.96 t and its daily mean energy utilization rate has increased by 15.84%.

Research on operation optimization of a 10 000 t/a carbon capture project for coal-fired power plants

SUN Luchang, WANG Zhengrong, WU Chong, WANG Kailiang, ZHANG Shiming, HAN Wenquan

2021, 43(6):  69-78.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.009

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In order to test the application result of carbon capture,utilization and storage（CCUS） technology in coal-fired boilers,a 10 000 t/a carbon capture demonstration project was designed and built for a power plant.A technical path including organic amine absorption,compression and refinery is selected through comparison,and its process and main equipment selection are discussed.After long-term operation test since the start-up of the demonstration project,the influences of absorbent flow,flue gas flow and regenerate temperature on capture efficiency,capture capacity,steam consumption and electricity consumption of the carbon capture system have been studied.The optimum operational parameters are obtained from the analysis on the influence factors,which are the flue gas flow kept at 6 000~7 000 m³/h,the absorbent circulation flow kept at 3 400~3 700 kg/h and the regeneration temperature maintained at 108.5~109.0 ℃.Keeping the parameters within the optimum ranges above,the system is of a capture efficiency higher than 90%,a carbon capture capacity above 1.39 t/h,an average electricity consumption of 312 （kW·h）/t CO₂ and an average regeneration heat rate of 3.05 GJ/t CO₂.The energy consumption of the system is about 23% lower than that of the traditional capture system taking 30% MEA.Finally,the operation cost and its composition are calculated.The study offers solid data for the design and equipment selection of similar carbon capture projects.

Research progress of CO₂ resource utilization based on biological carbon sequestration technology

HU Xiaofu, WANG Kailiang, SHEN Jianyong, BAI Yongfeng

2021, 43(6):  79-85.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.010

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Global climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases has attracted extensive attention.Nowadays,more than 120 nations and regions have proposed the carbon neutrality targets.Biological carbon sequestration technology shows excellent application prospects in CO₂ resource utilization because of its mild reaction conditions and product diversity.The principles of photosynthetic carbon fixation and microbial electrochemical carbon fixation were described respectively,and the resource utilization methods of photosynthetic carbon fixation were mainly introduced,such as microalgae carbon fixation to methane,microalgae carbon fixation to biofuel,microalgae wastewater treatment,and other biological carbon fixation and resource utilization methods,The key research directions of CO₂ resource utilization technology based on biological carbon sequestration technology in the future are prospected.

Research on carbon sequestration path of steel slag carbonation under carbon neutralization background

ZHANG Shufan, CHENG Xingxing, WANG Luyuan, ZHANG Xingyu, WANG Zhiqiang

2021, 43(6):  86-91.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.06.011

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CO₂ capture after combustion is one of the important ways of carbon capture.Carbon sequestration can be achieved by carbonation reaction between alkali metal oxides （CaO-based） in steel slag and CO₂.This paper reviews three main methods for carbon sequestration,direct carbon fixation with cold steel slag,indirect carbon fixation with cold steel slag and direct carbon fixation with hot steel slag.After summarizing the methods and pointing out the existing problems,the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods were compared.It is pointed out that the direct carbon fixation with hot steel slag is the most suitable carbon fixation technology with steel slag under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.By realizing carbon sequestration and steel slag waste heat recycling simultaneously,it is one of the most promising carbon fixation technologies.