Table of Content

25 May 2023, Volume 45 Issue 5

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Application of Biomass Materials Thermal Conversion of Biomass Collection and Storage of Biomass

Application of Biomass Materials

Preparation of biomass-based carbon materials and its application as electrodes in supercapacitors

ZHOU Shuxin, FAN Huailin, HU Xun

2023, 45(5):  1-12.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.001

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Biomass materials are considered as important carbon sources for the industrialized preparation of new carbon materials， due to the low price， convenience of collection， high aromaticity and carbon content. The efficient and sustainable conversion from biomass materials to functional materials is the key to achieving carbon neutrality. Porous carbon materials have great potential for energy storage due to their high specific surface area， abundant and reasonable porous structure， good electrical conductivity and stability. The latest researches at home and abroad on the classification and preparation of the porous carbon materials derived from biomass are summarized， focusing on its application as the electrode material. And the future research direction is providing reasonable preparation processes for biomass-based porous carbon materials according to the advantages and characteristics of various biomass.

Progress in utilization of semi-coke as solid fuel

LI Qingyang, LI Chao, JIANG Yuchen, HU Xun

2023, 45(5):  13-23.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.002

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As a new type of cheap clean fuel with high calorific value prepared by raw coal or pyrolyzed biomass， semi-coke is widely used in chemical metallurgy and other fields. The efficient and clean combustion of the solid fuel with semi-coke as its main component is highly environmental-friendly and economic， which contributes significantly to the energy conservation，emission reduction and economy development of China. The progress made in semi-coke fuel is reviewed. The technical route and study outcomes of pure semi-coke combustion verify the feasibility of its industrialization. To analyze the co-combustion of semi-coke with other combustible substances， the feasibility of semi-coke co-combustion is verified on a 660 MW supercritical boiler under the condition that the mass fraction of semi-coke is 50%. To analyze the application of semi-coke co-combustion in other fields， the economy and environmental benefits of semi-coke fuel applied in household burners are verified. The pollutant emissions， combustion stability， calorific value， comprehensive combustion efficiency， economic and environmental benefits of semi-coke fuel are evaluated comprehensively， then the development directions of semi-coke fuel are analyzed and summarized. Finally， based on the problems existing in current researches， the future research directions of semi-coke are discussed， which provides a reference for further study in this field.

Review on the preparation of high-value chemicals from cellulose pyrolysis

FAN Dekai, FU Jie, LIU Yang, ZHOU Chunbao, DAI Jianjun

2023, 45(5):  24-31.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.003

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Cellulose is an important component of biomass， and pyrolysis technology is a high-value conversion technology with promising application prospects. It is of great significance to use cellulose pyrolysis to produce various fuels and high-value chemicals for the development of chemical industry. The study on cellulose pyrolysis mechanism and model is helpful to control the cellulose pyrolysis process and distribution of pyrolysis products. Therefore， based on the cellulose pyrolysis mechanism and kinetic model， the applications of pyrolysis products （pyrolytic gas， pyrolytic carbon， pyrolytic oil） in the process of cellulose pyrolysis are summarized， especially the selective production of high-value chemicals produced based on pyrolysis oil. The effects of different catalysts on the preparation of levoglucosenone （LGO）， 1-hydroxy-3，6-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1] oct-2-one （LAC）， furfural， aromatics and phenols were analysed， and the optimal conditions for the preparation of these value-added chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose were investigated. Finally， the problems in the preparation of high-value chemicals from cellulose pyrolysis were pointed out， and the future of the research was prospected.

Effect of precursors on pine sawdust steam reforming over Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst for hydrogen production

SU Yanxin, WANG Xuetao, XING Lili, LI Haojie, ZHANG Xingyu

2023, 45(5):  32-38.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.004

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Since the renewable resources made from biomass are convenient in transportation， abundant in reserves， easy to access and able to reduce the consumption of fuel wood， the development of efficient hydrogen production from steam reforming of biomass is important for the industrial application of green and clean fuels. The impregnation method was used to prepare four kinds of catalysts with nickel acetate， nickel nitrate， nickel chloride and nickel sulfate as precursors loaded on ZSM-5 molecular sieve carriers. The catalytic activity of the four catalysts in the catalytic reforming of pine sawdust biomass was investigated on a fixed bed reactor. The volume fraction of hydrogen in the syngas was analyzed， and the catalysts were characterized by XRD， NH₃-TPD，H₂-TPR and SEM. The results showed that nickel acetate demonstrated fairly active interactions with the carrier， and the nickel species uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst， so as to reduce the aggregation and carbon deposition of particles. The Ni-AC catalyst was of the highest activity in the catalytic reforming of pine chips， and the volume fraction of hydrogen in the syngas reached 60.47%， while the Ni-S catalyst was of the lowest activity on the catalytic reforming of biomass. The study results can provide theoretical support for the efficient recycling of biomass resources.

Thermal Conversion of Biomass

Effect of acid pickling and phosphoric acid impregnation on pyrolysis characteristics of duckweed

YANG Wei, LYU Leida, PENG Shiyang, LI Wei, CAI Hongchun, HAN Yong, ZHU Youjian, YANG Haiping, ZHAO Hai

2023, 45(5):  39-45.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.005

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Based on the deficiencies of the researches on duckweed pyrolysis， the effects of duckweed pyrolysis and phosphorus on the characteristics of pyrolysis gas products were explored. Pickling and phosphoric acid impregnation were used to treat duckweed，and their treatment effects on the pyrolysis characteristics and gas product characteristics of duckweed were investigated by TG-FTIR. It was found that pickling significantly reduced the ash content of duckweed and changed its ash components. In addition， pickling increased the contents of C， H， N and O， and increased the calorific value of the samples. Thermogravimetric results showed that duckweed pyrolysis was mainly divided into four stages. Pyrolysis reaction mainly occurred between 145 and 520 ℃， and the pyrolysis DTG curve showed bimodal distribution. Pickling resulted in a 10 ℃ initial temperature rise， drops of solid product yield after duckweed pyrolysis and the maximum weight loss temperature， and an increase of the maximum weight loss rate. Phosphoric acid impregnation significantly increased the yield of solid products of duckweed pyrolysis， and decreased the maximum weight loss temperature and the maximum weight loss rate. Pickling increased the content of CH₄， while phosphoric acid impregnation significantly facilitated the production of CH₄， CO₂ and NH₃， and greatly widened the release range of NH₃.

Research progress of biochar prepared by microwave pyrolysis technology

JIANG Yuchen, LI Qingyang, HU Xun

2023, 45(5):  46-62.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.006

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With the development of society and economy， the biosafety treatment of agricultural and forestry waste， household waste， municipal sludge and other organic solid waste has attracted wide attention in recent years. Traditional treatments such as landfill ， incineration and crop residue burying are not eco-friendly. Since there are abundant carbon sources in solid wastes， traditional treatments will lead to carbon source loss. Microwave pyrolysis （MP） is an innovative biomass pyrolysis technology with advantages of fast heating rate， uniform heating on biomass and high heating efficiency. MP can affect the properties of biomass in a different way that conventional tube furnace heating does because their heat and mass transfer methods are different. This study summarizes the properties of the solid biochar derived from the MP of disposed biomass and different ways of MP， and compares the product compositions and product yields varying with raw materials， microwave power and temperature. And the research lays focus on the comparison of the morphology， surface functional group， pore structure， specific surface area， element content and thermal stability of biochar obtained from different biomass processed by MP. Finally， the biochar made by MP and conventional method are compared.

Study on pyrolysis law of catalytic biomass tar model compounds

CHEN Wenxuan, LI Xueqin, LIU Peng, LI Yanling, LU Yan, LEI Tingzhou

2023, 45(5):  63-69.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.007

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In order to expand the utilization of renewable energy，the catalytic conversion of biomass tar is explored. Nickel-based molecular sieve catalysts were prepared by using molecular sieve as the carrier. The effects of different catalysts and pyrolysis temperature on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass tar model compounds were investigated. The results showed that Ni loading greatly increased the catalytic activity of the catalyst and promoted the gas product yield from the catalytic reaction. With the secondary loading of auxiliaries Ca and Co， the metal-metal interaction further improved the mechanical strength and reaction stability of the catalyst. Through the study on pyrolysis temperature， it was found that with the increase of temperature， the conversion rate and the pyrolysis gas yield of the model increased significantly. The high temperature promoted the hydrogen transfer reaction between the catalyst and the model. Catalyzed by Ni?Ca?Co/HZSM?5， the model compound can be converted from macro-molecular organic matter to small molecular gas， and the conversion rate reached more than 90%. The study lays a solid foundation for further study on biomass tar catalytic transformation.

Collection and Storage of Biomass

Review on marine litter treatment technologies

FANG Rui, DUAN Zhiyong, LIU Zaizhi, WANG Yuxuan, LIU Chenxi, LI Hao, FAN Chuigang

2023, 45(5):  70-79.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.008

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With the development of industrial technology， marine litter has become a noticeable issue in ocean governance.Huge amount of marine litter distributes widely all over the world. Marine litter includes plastics，wood products，paper products and metals，among which plastics are the main components.Marine debris not only causes visual pollution and vessel safety hazards，but also seriously threatens the marine biology and ecological balance.In the review on marine litter treatment technologies，the treatment procedure can be divided into three steps：locating and monitoring，collection and treatment.Deep learning has already been applied to the automatic detection on marine litter. In terms of collection，traditional devices，such as cleaning vessels，still play a dominate role，while new devices，such as automatic water surface cleaners，are in ongoing development and improvement.The treatment methods of marine debris mainly include landfill，incineration，pyrolysis and microbial technologies.Pyrolysis not only avoids the production of pollutants such as dioxins，but can also be used to produce additional products such as fuel oil with high calorific value，which facilitates the recycling of energy from marine litter.Next，it will become an inevitable trend to develop a collaborative system integrating pollutant positioning，collection and processing.

Research progress of biomass storage technologies

HU Weilin, TAN Mengjiao, ZHU Yi, ZHANG Xuan, LI Hui, YANG Haiping

2023, 45(5):  80-85.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.009

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In the context of fully responding to the call of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality"， it is necessary to study the utilization and storage of biomass，a typical type of renewable energy. At present， the research method on direct storage of biomass raw materials are mainly made based on the methods for studying composting， food storage and straw silage technologies，and insufficient attention was paid to the greenhouse gas emissions from biomass storage. Biomass storage can make up the gap between raw material harvesting， supply and demand. The mechanisms of biomass storage，self-heating and dry matter loss are expounded，and biomass storage technology is compared with other storage technologies，such as composting， anaerobic digestion and briquette fuels storage. Then，mechanisms of greenhouse gas production from biomass storage and new approaches to reduce dry matter losses are proposed. Investment in the development of new biomass storage methods will improve storage efficiency and provide a basis for green and efficient storage of biomass raw materials.