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    25 June 2023, Volume 45 Issue 6
    Optimal Operation and Control
    High fault-tolerant distribution network state estimation method based on gated graph neural network
    LIU Yixian, WANG Yubin, YANG Qiang
    2023, 45(6):  1-8.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.001
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    With the increase of renewable energy's penetration rate in power systems, it is essential to make real-time, accurate and highly fault-tolerant state estimations for distribution networks to cope with the intermittency of renewable energy and keep safe operation of the power grid. Since the assembly level of distribution network measurement devices is incomplete and the model-driven state estimation can hardly adapt to the high uncertainty of environment, the fused measurement data from SCADA/PMU is adopted to train the gated graph neural network (GGNN).Then, a high fault-tolerant distribution network state estimation method based on GGNN is proposed. It can obtain the spatio-temporal relationship between the measurement and the state estimation by using the graph convolutional layer and GRU-like to extract high-dimensional spatio-temporal features of the measurement. The proposed algorithmic solution is assessed and validated based on an IEEE 33-bus system and an IEEE 118-bus system, respectively. The assessment result show that GGNN can effectively fit the space-time mapping of measurement and state data with a higher accuracy and robustness compared with the traditional Weighted Least Squares (WLS) and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP).

    Research on the optimal allocation of energy storage in distribution network based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm
    LIU Ziqi, SU Tingting, HE Jiayang, WANG Yu
    2023, 45(6):  9-16.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.002
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    The energy storage technology has the ability to adjust power and the time of energy,so as to effectively improve the output characteristics and shedulability of renewable energy. Thus, it is important to study the energy storage optimized configurations under different scenarios.Taking the technical and economic indicators into consideration comprehensively, an energy storage allocation method based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO)algorithm is proposed. The multi-objective energy storage configuration model can be solved by MOPSO, and the adaptive mutation strategy is introduced in the population updating process to improve the exploration capability of particles and ensure the population diversity and the late convergence. The global optimal solution for energy storage comprehensively optimizes the technical and economic indicators. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed method are verified by Matlab simulation, and the research results have theoretical and engineering value for the optimal configurations of energy storage systems in distribution network.

    Time-decoupling hierarchical energy management of integrated energy systems considering supply and demand uncertainty
    DOU Zhenlan, SHEN Jianzhong, ZHANG Chunyan, JIANG Jingjing, CHEN Qi, CHEN Jing
    2023, 45(6):  17-24.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.003
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    Studying the operation optimization of regional integrated energy systems with electricity as their cores is conducive to improving their energy utilization efficiency, economy and reliability. To address the uncertainty of renewable energy outputs and load demands in the systems, a time-decoupling hierarchical energy management strategy based on energy hubs is proposed. The day-ahead static optimization based on the prediction on renewable energy outputs and load demands achieves the coordinated utilization of multiple energy. Then,the energy storage consistency weight coefficient is introduced into the intraday rolling optimization based on feedback correction, so that the intraday rolling optimised power of the energy storage system can comply with the day-ahead static optimization results. The strategy can improve the participation of energy storage systems into system power balance over a long-time scale,reduce the impact of the supply and demand uncertainty on the system, and enhance the anti-interference of the system. At the same time, reserve powers are distributed evenly according to the energy storage capacity and power prediction error, to improve the security and stability of the electrical power systems with small inertia time constant. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization strategy and model is verified by simulation examples.

    Study on denitration optimization control model based on CNN-LSTM algorithm
    WANG Yonglin, BAI Yongfeng, KONG Xiangshan, HAO Zheng, YANG Pengfei, KONG Dewei
    2023, 45(6):  25-33.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.004
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    To achieve the "double carbon" target,most thermal power plants have been optimizing their units to meet the new requirements of deep peak shaving.A 2×330 MW power plant adopted selective catalyst reduction flue gas denitration process,but this emission control model can no longer satisfy the requirements of denitration under new operating conditions in view of the aging of equipment,transformation of the system,shortening of catalyst service life,volatile coal quality and requirement of deep peak shaving.A production data optimization and analysis platform for denitration is established based on Hadoop technology,and the production data middle platform is built based on NOx data from combustion and flue gas treatment.Then,the feature extraction is carried out on the data sequence affecting the NOx mass concentration through CNN algorithm,and the data mining is executed on the characteristic parameters affecting the denitration control.Making prediction on NOx emission by LSTM algorithm,and training and updating the CNN-LSTM neural network model on demands can realize closed-loop optimal control on denitration process.

    Research on optimization method for capacity allocation and scheduling strategy of regional integrated energy systems
    HUANG Yinheng, LI Meng, PANG Yi, LIANG Yin, JIN Zengfeng, WANG Jinzhu
    2023, 45(6):  34-41.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.005
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    With the rapid development of energy networks, integrated energy systems significantly improve general utilization rate of energy by making comprehensive use of various energy sources, such as heat,cold energy and electricity. Thus,the system has become the research focus. In view of the capacity allocation and scheduling strategy for regional integrated energy systems, an optimization method is proposed. Based on the structure of the system and the mechanisms of energy conversion, a mixed integer linear programming model is constructed, whose optimal solution for the allocation and scheduling strategy can be obtained simultaneously by the solver.The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve the economic, flexible and efficient operation of regional integrated energy systems, reduce the operation cost and balance the energy supply and demand.

    Power System Planning
    Research on security and stability verification technology for power grid planning based on multi-source data fusion
    NI Jie, LI Chen, QIN Tian, WU Xiaoxiao, ZHOU Xia, MA Daoguang
    2023, 45(6):  42-48.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.006
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    A safety and stability system plays an important role in preventing the power system from large cascading failure blackouts under extreme disasters. Since the single-source data can hardly reflect the volatile weather conditions,multi-source data including the meteorological data for power grid planning are fused by spatio-temporal griding. The influence of multi-source data fusion on the security and stability verification system for power grid planning is studied, and the improvement of the proposed system on power grid's early warning is analyzed. Validated by a provincial power grid,the system extends its data collection range from the internal system to the natural environment,so as to extend early-warning objectives from single-fault risk to clustered fault risk caused by disasters. The results show that the fusion of multi-source data can effectively optimize the power network security and stability check based on single-source data,complete the unification and integration of multi-source data, improve the reliability of calculation data,and facilitate the application of power grid security and stability check.

    Research on modeling and characteristic simulation of a typical integrated energy system
    HAN Chaobing, TANG Bing, YIN Ruilin, ZHU Zhengxiang, XUE Minghua, ZHU Jianfei, AI Chunmei, SUN Li
    2023, 45(6):  49-58.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.007
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    The mechanism models of the photovoltaic and photothermal equipment,fuel cells and electrolytic cells,absorption refrigerator and air source heat pump,heat storage tank and hydrogen storage tank in an integrated energy system are established,and the constraints of energy balance in different equipment are given. According to the equipment actual conditions such as its efficiency and start-up/shutdown speed, different management and scheduling strategies are formulated, respectively. Under the constraints of energy balance, the system was tested in three different scenarios in comply with the proposed strategies. The three operation scenarios are distributing the renewable energy on load side to the energy storage system when it is excessive, and scheduling the heat and power supply mode on source side when renewable energy generation is insufficient. A simulation was carried out on the fully charged or discharged lithium batteries,and large-scale power supply and large-capacity power consumption made by fuel cells and water electrolysis were expounded. The research results can provide reference for dispatching management of integrated energy systems.

    Key technologies and construction practices of virtual power plants
    LIU Jian, LIU Yuxin, ZHUANG Hanyu
    2023, 45(6):  59-65.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.008
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    In the context of pursuing dual carbon target and constructing a new power system with new energy as the main body, the virtual power plant has become an important component of smart grid and Energy Internet due to its flexibility and effectiveness in managing distributed energy resources. The virtual power plant integrates distributed energy resources (including adjustable load,interruptible load and energy storage)through controlling,metering,communication and optimization technologies,and realizes smooth interactions and optimized operation of source,network,load and storage,which is conducive to the rational and optimal allocation and utilization of resources. The structure,network topology,control strategy and key technologies of the virtual power plant accessed to the power dispatching system are introduced,and the problems in protection configuration,information communication and intelligent terminals are discussed.The improvement measures put forward provide a reference for similar projects.

    Analysis on execution of VPPs for commercial buildings in Shanghai based on decision tree
    XIONG Zhenzhen
    2023, 45(6):  66-72.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.009
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    A commercial building virtual power plant(VPP)lying in Huangpu district,the centre of Shanghai, is a zero-emission power plant. The VPP can lower the power load of commercial buildings during peak periods through autonomous control, that is to say, it can generate power with "data" as fuels. The wide distribution of commercial buildings in central urban areas, the wide variety of electrical equipment in different buildings, and the diverse capabilities of management personnel lead to various problems to VPPs in performing demand-response tasks. Based on the raw data from 50 commercial buildings participating in demand responses via the VPP in Huangpu district, the execution capacity of the virtual generator set in the VPP is analysed by decision tree algorithm, to improve the prediction accuracy of the VPP’s power generation execution in demand responses. Through the training and verification of the algorithm, it shows that the accuracy of the algorithm reaches 72.3% under current scenarios, and it is possible to further improve the accuracy by taking random forest, Bayesian and other algorithms in optimization. Therefore, the decision tree model algorithm is considered to be of good application value in the scenario, and can be used to predict the execution capacity of VVPs.

    Power Trading and Management
    Application of carbon-escape accounting system in integrated energy systems' low-carbon evaluation
    ZHAO Guotao, QIAN Guoming, SUN Yanbing, DING Quan, ZHU Haidong
    2023, 45(6):  73-80.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.010
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    With the implementation and boosting of dual carbon target, the evaluation on different energy system's low-carbon performance has received growing attention. Taking an integrated energy system of an industrial park as the research object, aiming at improving the low reliability of the current carbon footprint accounting method, we usher in the concept of carbon-escape and its accounting system, and put forward a new low-carbon performance evaluation framework for the integrated energy system. Based on the brief introduction of the accounting principles, accounting subjects, accounting methods and statements of carbon-escape accounting system, the proposed method and development path are put forward under the assumed application scenarios of the integrated energy system. The application prospect of carbon-escape accounting system is discussed and expected.

    Exploration on market-driven capacity compensation mechanism
    FENG Li, LIU Bo, HAN Zhenyu, ZHANG Mengyu
    2023, 45(6):  81-86.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.011
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    With the development of renewable energy and electricity spot market, the functional repositioning of coal-fired units leads to stranded costs. To ensure sufficient generation capacity adequacy and reliable operation of the power system, a capacity compensation mechanism need to be introduced to power market. A capacity compensation mechanism aiming to provide electricity market incentives is designed. summarizing the implementation process of the capacity compensation mechanism, the assorted clearing, assessment, adjustment, and information disclosure mechanism. The analysis results provide a reference for other provinces exploring capacity cost recovery mechanisms.